Baby Care

• Vaccinations begin during pregnancy, with an NHS schedule of newborn vaccinations at 8, 12 and 16 weeks. 
• Most side effects are mild and short-lived, such as sleepiness, fussiness, or a mild fever. 
• Both babies and parents may find vaccination day stressful, but staying calm, offering comfort, and seeking support can make the experience easier for you both. 

Vaccinations are a big part of healthcare, especially for babies who have yet to build up their immunity. 

The NHS says: “Vaccines are the most effective way to prevent many infectious diseases.”  

You can read more about vaccinations here. If you are concerned or would like more information, speak to your GP. 

When to start baby vaccinations  

Some vaccines are offered during pregnancy to provide protection for you as your immune system is weakened and for baby in their first few months. 

These vaccines are inactivated which means they do not have a live version of the virus they are protecting against. 

Vaccinations during pregnancy 

The NHS offers some vaccines during pregnancy. 

For your protection:  

• Flu - offered from September  

For your and baby’s protection by building antibodies that pass on to your baby: 

• Whooping cough - offered at 20 weeks 
• Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) - offered around 28 weeks 

What vaccines do babies get?

The NHS offers vaccines to babies at 8, 12, and 16 weeks. 

Protection against... 

• 6-in-1: diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis (whooping cough), polio, Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) and hepatitis B 
• Rotavirus: rotavirus infection, a common cause of childhood diarrhoea and sickness 
• MenB: meningitis 
• Pneumococcal: some types of bacterial infections that can cause serious illnesses like meningitis, sepsis, and pneumonia 

Speak to your GP before your child has any vaccination if they: 

• have missed any vaccinations 

• have a vaccination appointment but are ill with a temperature 

• have a bleeding disorder (such as haemophilia) or have had a fit (seizure) in the past without a high temperature 

What happens if a vaccination is delayed for a baby? 

You can still catch up on most vaccines if you miss them. Your GP surgery will be able to give you advice and book you an appointment. 

Cuddle your baby 

Holding them close in your arms or on your lap can provide comfort. 

Hold them in an upright position 

Some babies feel more secure when held against your chest rather than lying down. 

Skin-to-skin contact 

If your baby is very young, skin-to-skin contact can be calming and comforting. 

Distraction 

Singing, talking softly, or giving a favourite toy can help focus their attention away from the needle. 

Bring a comfort item 

A familiar blanket, soft toy, or dummy can help your baby feel safe and grounded. 

Breastfeeding or bottle feeding 

Feeding during the injection can help soothe and reduce pain. 

Use a soothing voice 

Talking or humming can provide reassurance and help keep your baby relaxed. 

Stay calm yourself 

Babies sense your anxiety. Take slow breaths and speak softly to reassure them 

Try gentle rocking 

Slow, rhythmic movements can ease tension before and after the injection. 

Plan the timing around naps and feeds 

A well-rested, recently fed baby may be calmer and easier to soothe. 

Dress your baby in easy-to-remove clothing 

This makes the appointment quicker and reduces stress when accessing arms or legs. 

Babies under 12 months have injections in the thigh, while toddlers and older children have them in their arm.

Read the NHS' tips here.

How to help manage side effects from baby vaccinations 

Here are some tips to comfort your baby after their vaccinations: 

Cuddles and reassurance 

Holding your baby close helps them feel safe and calm. 

Feeding 

Offer breast or bottle feeds to comfort them and keep them hydrated. 

Pain relief 

Ask your GP or pharmacist about suitable infant pain relief if your baby seems uncomfortable. 

Cool compress 

For redness or swelling at the injection site, a cool, damp cloth can soothe irritation. 

How long should I let my baby sleep after vaccinations? 

It’s perfectly normal for your baby to sleep more than usual after a vaccination. Let them rest as needed - sleep is an important part of recovery. 

How to treat baby fever after vaccinations 

A mild fever is common. You can help your baby by: 

• Keeping them lightly dressed and comfortable 
• Offering extra feeds to prevent dehydration 
• Monitoring their temperature and comfort level 

Consult your GP if the fever is high or persistent.