- Vaccinations begin during pregnancy, with an NHS schedule of newborn vaccinations at 8, 12 and 16 weeks.
- Most side effects are mild and short-lived, such as sleepiness, fussiness, or a mild fever.
- Both babies and parents may find vaccination day stressful, but staying calm, offering comfort, and seeking support can make the experience easier for you both.
Vaccinations are a big part of healthcare, especially for babies who have yet to build up their immunity.
The NHS says: “Vaccines are the most effective way to prevent many infectious diseases.”
You can read more about vaccinations here. If you are concerned or would like more information, speak to your GP.
When to start baby vaccinations
Some vaccines are offered during pregnancy to provide protection for you as your immune system is weakened and for baby in their first few months.
These vaccines are inactivated which means they do not have a live version of the virus they are protecting against.
Vaccinations during pregnancy
The NHS offers some vaccines during pregnancy.
For your protection:
- Flu - offered from September
For your and baby’s protection by building antibodies that pass on to your baby:
- Whooping cough - offered at 20 weeks
- Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) - offered around 28 weeks
What vaccines do babies get?
The NHS offers vaccines to babies at 8, 12, and 16 weeks.
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8 weeks |
12 weeks |
16 weeks |
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Protection against...
- 6-in-1: diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis (whooping cough), polio, Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) and hepatitis B
- Rotavirus: rotavirus infection, a common cause of childhood diarrhoea and sickness
- MenB: meningitis
- Pneumococcal: some types of bacterial infections that can cause serious illnesses like meningitis, sepsis, and pneumonia
Speak to your GP before your child has any vaccination if they:
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have missed any vaccinations
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have a vaccination appointment but are ill with a temperature
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have a bleeding disorder (such as haemophilia) or have had a fit (seizure) in the past without a high temperature
What happens if a vaccination is delayed for a baby?
You can still catch up on most vaccines if you miss them. Your GP surgery will be able to give you advice and book you an appointment.
Tips to help when you take baby for their vaccinations
Taking your baby for vaccinations can be stressful for both of you. Knowing what to expect and how to manage common side effects can make the experience smoother and less worrying.
The vaccination moment itself can be scary. Here are some ways to help make it easier...
Cuddle your baby
Holding them close in your arms or on your lap can provide comfort.
Hold them in an upright position
Some babies feel more secure when held against your chest rather than lying down.
Skin-to-skin contact
If your baby is very young, skin-to-skin contact can be calming and comforting.
Distraction
Singing, talking softly, or giving a favourite toy can help focus their attention away from the needle.
Bring a comfort item
A familiar blanket, soft toy, or dummy can help your baby feel safe and grounded.
Breastfeeding or bottle feeding
Feeding during the injection can help soothe and reduce pain.
Use a soothing voice
Talking or humming can provide reassurance and help keep your baby relaxed.
Stay calm yourself
Babies sense your anxiety. Take slow breaths and speak softly to reassure them
Try gentle rocking
Slow, rhythmic movements can ease tension before and after the injection.
Plan the timing around naps and feeds
A well-rested, recently fed baby may be calmer and easier to soothe.
Dress your baby in easy-to-remove clothing
This makes the appointment quicker and reduces stress when accessing arms or legs.
Babies under 12 months have injections in the thigh, while toddlers and older children have them in their arm.
Read the NHS' tips here.
Common side effects of baby vaccinations
After vaccinations, your baby may experience some mild side effects, including:
- Sleepiness or fatigue
- Increased crying or fussiness
- Mild fever or being generally unwell
Most of these side effects are normal and short-lived. Call your GP or 111 if your baby experiences more severe reactions, such as:
- High fever that won’t settle
- Persistent vomiting or diarrhoea
- Severe swelling, redness, or pain at the injection site
How to help manage side effects from baby vaccinations
Here are some tips to comfort your baby after their vaccinations:
Cuddles and reassurance
Holding your baby close helps them feel safe and calm.
Feeding
Offer breast or bottle feeds to comfort them and keep them hydrated.
Pain relief
Ask your GP or pharmacist about suitable infant pain relief if your baby seems uncomfortable.
Cool compress
For redness or swelling at the injection site, a cool, damp cloth can soothe irritation.
How long should I let my baby sleep after vaccinations?
It’s perfectly normal for your baby to sleep more than usual after a vaccination. Let them rest as needed - sleep is an important part of recovery.
How to treat baby fever after vaccinations
A mild fever is common. You can help your baby by:
- Keeping them lightly dressed and comfortable
- Offering extra feeds to prevent dehydration
- Monitoring their temperature and comfort level
Consult your GP if the fever is high or persistent.
Supporting yourself during vaccination visits
- Take deep breaths and stay calm
- Have a friend or partner come along for extra support
- Give yourself permission to feel emotional
- Prepare mentally by knowing what to expect
- Plan something comforting for after
It’s completely normal to feel anxious or emotional when your baby is getting vaccinated.
